Factors Associated with dental caries in university students: an analysis using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36097/rsan.v1iEspecial_3.4054Keywords:
Dental caries, Oral health, Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Preventive behaviors, University studentsAbstract
Dental caries represents a significant public health problem among young people, particularly during transitional stages such as entry into higher education, where self-care habits may be affected. The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing the development of dental caries in students aged 17 to 19 enrolled in the propedeutic B program at the Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES). A qualitative study was conducted using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs), with a phenomenological design and an intentional sample of 10 students. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Subsequently, FCMs were applied to model the relationships among the identified factors and to determine their level of influence. The findings revealed a discrepancy between theoretical knowledge and preventive practices. Although students recognize appropriate hygiene and dietary habits, they exhibit inconsistent behaviors, such as sporadic dental visits and self-medication. The FCM analysis identified preventive awareness, motivation to visit the dentist, and frequency of visits as the most influential factors, forming an interdependent system of variables. The occurrence of dental caries in this population reflects a multifactorial dynamic in which knowledge alone does not ensure healthy behaviors. Comprehensive strategies focused on behavioral change, motivation, and access to services are required to promote a preventive culture in oral health.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Danilo Enrique Rodríguez Lasluisa, Justine Daniela Pilco Viteri, Ana Graciela Guédez Mujica
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