Systemic pathologies associated with periodontal disease: clinical analysis of patients at the Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36097/rsan.v1i64.3571Keywords:
Periodontal disease, Salud pública, Arterial hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Public healthAbstract
Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth, has shown significant links with various systemic diseases. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the severity of periodontitis and the presence of systemic conditions in patients treated at the dental clinics of Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo, Ecuador. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a sample of 301 patients. Clinical and systemic health data were collected, and the clinical attachment level (CAL) was used as an indicator of periodontal severity. Statistical analysis included non-parametric tests, such as the Chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction. The results showed a significant association between the presence of systemic diseases and increased periodontal severity (p < 0.001). Specifically, patients with hypertension presented greater clinical attachment loss compared to those without systemic conditions (adjusted p = 0.00063). Although patients with comorbid diabetes and hypertension also exhibited more severe periodontal involvement, this difference was not statistically significant after correction (adjusted p = 0.072). It is concluded that arterial hypertension may act as an aggravating factor in the progression of periodontitis. However, cross-sectional design limits causal inference; therefore, longitudinal studies are recommended to further investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association.
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