Índice de participación ciudadana en la gestión de obras públicas rurales en contextos interculturales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36097/rsan.v1i67.4079Palabras clave:
Participación ciudadana, Gobernanza local, Redición de cuentas, Infraestructura vial rural , Comunidades indígenasResumen
El estudio evalúa la participación ciudadana en las fases de planificación, ejecución y rendición de cuentas de una obra vial rural en comunidades indígenas de Gonzalo Pizarro, mediante un Índice de Participación Ciudadana (IPC). Se trata del proyecto de asfaltado de 4,5 km de una vía rural que conecta comunidades indígenas de la parroquia Gonzalo Pizarro. Ecuador. Se empleó un enfoque mixto, con diseño no experimental y transversal, mediante encuestas aplicadas a la población de referencia y entrevistas semiestructuradas a dirigentes comunitarios. Para la evaluación cuantitativa se construyó un IPC, basado en una formulación exponencial de tipo gaussiano que integró las fases de planificación, ejecución y rendición de cuentas. Su consistencia se evaluó mediante análisis estadísticos, correlaciones no paramétricas y análisis de sensibilidad. Los resultados evidenciaron una disminución progresiva del IPC entre las tres fases, con asociaciones estadísticamente significativas. Se identificaron diferencias significativas según sexo y nivel educativo, pero no según grupo etario. El análisis cualitativo mostró mayor participación en la socialización y consulta inicial, mientras que el seguimiento, control social y rendición de cuentas presentaron menor incidencia institucionalizada. Se concluye que es necesario fortalecer mecanismos de participación continua durante todo el ciclo de gestión de las obras públicas rurales. El IPC constituye una herramienta metodológica replicable para caracterizar la intensidad y consistencia de la participación ciudadana en proyectos de infraestructura rural.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Juan Pablo Morales Corozo , Gissela Bravo Rosillo, Hilarión José Vegas Meléndez, Diana Carolina Bravo Rosillo, Alexander José Mackenzie Rivero
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
