Axiological approach to law in I. Kant’s doctrine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36097/rsan.v5i20.511Keywords:
Kant, categorical imperative, hypothetical imperative, the legality of an act of man, a law-based stAbstract
This article outlines the views of the founder of the German classical philosophy of Immanuel Kant on the nature and essence of the state and law, namely, studies the concept of the state as a “night watchman”, analyzes the draft of the jural state, reveals the concepts of categorical and hypothetical imperatives, from which the thinker deduces morality and legality of people’s actions. Kant is first to draw attention to the need to comply with a number of conditions (basic and preliminaries) when concluding peace treaties between the states.
Kant became the founder of the value approach to law. The concept of law is interpreted by the thinker exclusively as a combination of coercion with the freedom of the person: “law is a set of conditions under which the arbitrariness of one person is compatible with the arbitrariness of another in terms of the general law of freedom”. Thus, the law of Kant is reduced to the system of laws, i.e. to the objective law. In this case, natural law is called by the thinker as private law, and positive law as public law.Downloads
References
Bertrand Russell. A History of Western Philosophy. New York, Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1972.
Heinrich Kanz. IMMANUEL KANT. The quarterly review of comparative education (Paris, UNESCO: International Bureau of Education), vol. XXIII, no. 3/4, 1993, p. 789–806.
Immanuel Kant. Critique of Practical Reason. Cambridge University Press, 1997. 181 p. ISBN 139780521599627.
Immanuel Kant. Perpetual Peace and Other Essays, trans. Ted Humphrey (called “Essays”). Indianapolis: Hackett, 1983.
Kozlikhin I.Y. Selected Works. SPb: «Juridical Center Press» Publishing, 2012. P. 583, 569.
Kozlikhin I.Y., Polyakov А.V., Timoshina Е.V. The History of Political and Legal Doctrines. SPb.: Saint-Petersburg State University Publishing House, Law School of the SPSU Press, 2007. P. 248.
Manfred Kuehn. Kant: a Biography. Cambridge University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-521-49704-3.
Marchenko Мachin I.F. The History of Political and Legal Doctrines. М.: ТК Welby, Prospect Publishing, 2007. P. 204, 205.
Mukhaev R.Т. The History of Political and Legal Doctrines. М.: Prior Publishing, 2004. P. 303, 305.
Popper Karl R. Immanuel Kant Der Philosoph der Aufklärung // Popper KJR. Die offene Gesellschaft und ihre Feinde, 4 Aufl., München, 1975. S . 9-19.
Taranov P.S. The Philosophy of Forty Five Generations. М.: «АSТ» Publishing, 1998. P. 521.
The History of Political and Legal Doctrines / edited by О.E. Leist and V.А. Tomsinov. М.: “Zertsalo” Publisher, 2009. P. 348.
The History of State-Law Doctrines: Reading-Book / Compiler S.V. Lipen’; Edited by V.V. Lazarev. М.: Spark, 2006. P. 304, 309.
