Self-management among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a descriptive study from Liberia

Decontee  Browne; Dilek Sarpkaya Güder

doi:10.36097/rsan.v1i62.3467

Authors

Decontee Browne Near East University https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3148-1333
Dilek Sarpkaya Güder Near East University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-5196

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36097/rsan.v1i62.3467

Keywords:

Gestational diabetes, pregnancy, self-care management

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the self-management levels of pregnant women with GDM mellitus at a hospital in Liberia. This study used a descriptive and cross-sectional research design. The sample of this study consisted 208 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) who attended antenatal care at the hospital from 2 August to 27 December 2023. Data were collected face-to-face using a Pregnancy Information Form and the Self–Management of Pregnant Women with GDM Scale. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 26 and descriptive statistics, and the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were also used. The study finding showed that the majority of pregnant women had no basic or elementary education, almost half of them were unemployed, and they had a medium yearly income. The majority of pregnant women did not used insulin. The pregnant women in the research scored 75.24 ±18.97 points (min. 35; max. 140) on the Self–Management of Pregnant Women with GDM Scale. The self-management of pregnant women with GDM at the hospital in Liberia was at a low level. It is recommended that guidelines and policies be developed to improve the GDM self-management of pregnant women in the hospital.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bhowmik, B., Afsana, F., Ahmed, T., Siddiquee, T., Pathan, F., Mahtab, H., & Khan, A. K. A. (2018). Evaluation of knowledge regarding gestational diabetes mellitus: a Bangladeshi study. Public Health, 161, 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.04.017

Bleah, P., Wilson, R., Macdonald, D., & Camargo-Plazas, P. (2023). ‘The solution is we need to have a center’: a study on diabetes in Liberia. Health Promotion International, 38(5), daad120. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daad120

Center for Disease Control (CDC) (2022). Diabetes Basics. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/index.html

Dhyani, V., Mahantashetti, N. S., Ganachari, M. S., Kambar, S., & Ghatnatti, V. (2018). Awareness of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women attending a tertiary health center. Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU, 11(1), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_130_17

Dissassa, H. D., Tufa, D. G., Geleta, L. A., Dabalo, Y. A., & Oyato, B. T. (2023). Knowledge on gestational diabetes mellitus and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics of North Shewa zone public hospitals, Oromia region, Central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 13(9), e073339. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073339

Elsaba, H. A. H., El-Maksoud, A. S. A., & Aljohani, M. S. (2020). The relationship between self-efficacy and self-management behavior among diabetic pregnant women. Merit Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 6(7), 272-282. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3755765

Gupta, A., Singh, S. K., Pandey, A., & Manar, M. K. (2024). Self-care Behaviour of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lucknow, India: A Quasi-experimental Study. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2024/65502.19067

He, W., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Jiang, Y., Chen, X., Wang, Y., ... & Yan, W. (2021). Higher serum bilirubin levels in response to higher carbohydrate intake during early pregnancy and lower gestational diabetes mellitus occurrence in overweight and obese gravidae. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.701422

Jakubowski, E. Hinton, L. Khaira, J., Richard, N, Mcmanus, R., J. and Tucker, K.L. (2022). Is self-management a burden? What are the experiences of women selfmanaging chronic conditions during pregnancy? A systematic review Bethany. BMJ open, 12(3), e051962. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051962

Karavasileiadou, S., Almegewly, W., Alanazi, A., Alyami, H., & Chatzimichailidou, S. (2022). Self-management and self-efficacy of women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Global Health Action, 15(1), 2087298. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2022.2087298

Kim, Y. S., Kim, H. S., & Kim, Y. L. (2019). Effects of a web-based self-management program on the behavior and blood glucose levels of women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Telemedicine and e-Health, 25(5), 407-414. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2017.0332

Kordi, M., Banaei Heravan, M., Asgharipour, N., Mazloum, S. R., & Akhlaghi, F. (2016). Relationship between self-care behaviors and coping styles in women with gestational diabetes. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 26(139), 190-202. https://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-8161-en.html

Kuang, G., Meng, X., Wang, Y., Xu, R., & Zhang, M. (2022). Development and psychometric evaluation of self‐management scale for pregnant woman with gestational diabetes mellitus in China. Nursing Open, 9(3), 1757-1765. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1202

Lambrinou, E., Hansen, T. B., & Beulens, J. W. (2019). Lifestyle factors, self-management and patient empowerment in diabetes care. European journal of preventive cardiology, 26(2_suppl), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319885455

Mdoe, M. B., Kibusi, S. M., Munyogwa, M. J., & Ernest, A. I. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Dodoma region, Tanzania: an analytical cross-sectional study. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, 4(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000149

Prabhu, K. Kondamuri, S. D., Samal, S., & Sen, M. (2021). Knowledge of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in a semiurban hospital-A cross-sectional study. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 12, 100854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100854

Staynova, R., Gueorguiev, S., Petkova-Gueorguieva, E., & Petleshkova, P. (2018). A comparative study on diabetes self-management in pregnant women with gestational diabetes and pre-existing diabetes. Biomed Res, 29(18), 3526-3531. http://dx.doi.org/10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-18-1044

Stebbins, R. C., Emch, M., & Meshnick, S. R. (2018). The effectiveness of community bed net use on malaria parasitemia among children less than 5 years old in Liberia. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 98(3), 660. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0619

Sushko, K., Strachan, P., Butt, M., Nerenberg, K., & Sherifali, D. (2024). Supporting self-management in women with pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy: a mixed-methods sequential comparative case study. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01659-1

Tang, F., Zhong, X., & Liu, S. (2023). Pathway analysis of the impact of health literacy, social support and self-efficacy on self-management behaviors in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1188072. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1188072

Wafa, M. H., Ayoub, A. I., Bukhari, T. A., Bugnah, A. A. A., Alabawy, A. A. H., Alsaiari, A. H., ... & Bukhari, T. (2023). Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Pregnant Women in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Study. Cureus, 15(11). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.48151

World Bank (2024). Pregnant women receiving prenatal care. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.ANVC.ZS

World Diabetes Federation. (2022). IDF Diabetes Atlas 2021 (10th Ed.). https://fmdiabetes.org/atlas-idf-10o-edicion-2021/

Zandinava, H., Shafaei, F. S., Charandabi, S. A., Homayi, S. G., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2017). Effect of educational package on Self-Care behavior, quality of life, and blood glucose levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 19(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.44317